The FLORA and FAUNA

of

FRYE ISLAND, MAINE

 

A Work in Progress

Sponsored by the Town Conservation Commission

 

2004


 

Table of Contents

 

Animals

Reptiles and Amphibians

Birds

Ferns

Fern Allies

Fungi

Grasses, Rushes and Sedges

Mosses and Lichens

Shrubs

Trees

Wildflowers

Document in PDF format for printing

 


INTRODUCTION

 

As the title of this document indicates, this is a work in progress.  If you find errors, or if you wish to add to the lists, please notify Christa Mueller at 655-2238 or to e mail FnCMueller@aol.com.

 

The lists have been compiled from information received from: Harry McCarty, Robert Deming, Robert Hannah and Christa Mueller.  A day-long walk across the Island in August 2002 with Don Cameron of the Maine Natural Areas Program resulted in the bulk of the Flora lists.  At other seasons we are certain to find many additions.

 

The lists will be updated from time to time.  Needless to say, expert input would be welcome, particularly regarding Mosses, Fungi, Grasses, Lichens and small mammals.  These are very specialized fields, and our lists are very fundamental.


 

ANIMALS OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

Beaver

Castor Canadensis

Bats

unspecified

Deer, Whitetail

Odocoileus virginianus

Fisher

Marles pennanti

Fox, Red

Vulpes fulva

Hare, Snowshoe

Lepus americanus

Mink

Mustela vison

Moose

Alces alces

Mouse, Deer

Peromyscus leucopus

Mouse. White-footed

Peromyscus maniculatus

Muskrat

Ondatra zibethica

Otter, River

Lutra canadensis

 

 

Raccoon

Procyon lotor

Squirrel, Northern Flying

Glaucomys sabrinus

Squirrel, Eastern Gray

Sciurus carolinensis

Squirrel, Red

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus

Vole, Boreal Redback

Clethrionomys gapperi

Vole, Meadow

Microtus pennsylvanicus

 

 

 

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS

 

Frog, Green

Rana clamitans melanota

Frog, Wood

Rana sylvatica

Snake, Northern Ringneck

Diadophis punctatus edwardsii

Treefrog, Gray

Hyla versicolor or H. chrysoscelis

Turtle, Common Snapping

Chelydra serpentine

 

 

 

BIRDS OF FRYE ISLAND

Observed since 1969

As of January 2004

 

Common Name

Scientific Name

Family

 

 

 

Blackbird, Red-winged

Agelaius phoeniceus

Icteridae

Bobolink

Dolichonyx oryzivorus

Icteridae

Buffelhead

Bucephala albeola

Anatidae

Bunting, Snow

Plectrophenax nivalis

Emberizidae

 

 

 

Catbird, Grey

Dumetella carolinensis

Mimidae

Chickadee, Black-capped

Poecile atricapillus

Paridae

Cormorant, Double-crested

Phalacrocorax auritus

Phalacrocoracidae

Cowbird, Brown-headed

Molothrus ater

Icteridae

Creeper, Brown

Certhia americana

Certhidae

Crow, American

Corvus brachyrhynchos

Corviidae

Cuckoo, Black-billed

Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Cuculidae

 

 

 

Dove, Mourning

Zenaida macroura

Columbidae

Duck, American  Black

Anas rubripes

Anatidae

Wood Duck

Aix sponsa

Anatidae

 

Eagle, Bald

 

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

 

Accipitridae

 

Finch, Purple

Carpodacus purpureus

Fringillidae

Flicker. Northern

Colaptes auratus

Picidae

Flycatcher, Great Crested

Myiarchus crinitus

Tyrannidae

Flycatcher, Willow

Empidonax traillii

Tyrannidae

Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied

Empidonax flaviventris

Tyrannidae

 

 

 

Goldeneye, Common

Bucephala clangula

Anatidae

Goldfinch, American

Carduelis tristis

Fringillidae

Goose, Canada

Branta canadensis

Anatidae

Goose, Snow

Chen caerulescens

Anatidae

Goshawk, Northern

Accipiter gentilis

Accipitridae

Grackle, Common

Quiscalus Quiscula

Icteridae

Grebe, Horned

Podiceps auritus

Podicipedidae

Grosbeak, Evening

Coccothraustes vespertinus

Fringillidae

Grosbeak, Rose-breasted

Pheucticus ludovicianus

Cardinalidae

Grouse, Ruffed

Bonasa umbellus

Tetraonidae

Grouse, Spruce

Falcipennis canadensis

Tetraonidae

Gull, Bonapart’s

Larus philadelphia

Laridae

Gull, Greater Black-backed

Larus marinus

Laridae

Gull, Herring

Larus argentatus

Laridae

 

 

 

Hawk, Broad-winged

Buteo platypterus

Accipitridae

Hawk, Cooper’s

Accipiter cooperii

Accipitridae

Hawk, Red-tailed

Buteo jamaicensis

Accipitridae

Heron, Great Blue

Ardea herodias

Ardeidae

Heron, Green

Butorides virescens

Ardeidae

Hummingbird, Ruby-throated

Archilochus colubris

Trochilidae

 

 

 

Jay, Blue

Cyanocitta cristata

Corvidae

Junco, Dark-eyed

Junco hyemalis

Emberizidae

 

 

 

Kestrel, American

Falco sparverius

Falconidae

Killdeer

Charadrius vociferus

Charadriidae

Kingbird, Eastern

Tyrannus tyrannus

Tyrannidae

Kingfisher, Belted

Ceryle alcyon

Alcedinidae

Kinglet, Golden-crowned

Regulus satrapa

Regulidae

Kinglet, Ruby-crowned

Regulus calendula

Regulidae

 

Loon, Common

Gavia immer

Gaviidae

 

 

 

Mallard

Anas platyrhynchos

Anatidae

Meadowlark, Eastern

Sturnella magna

Icteridae

Merganser, Common

Mergus merganser

Anatidae

Merganser, Red-breasted

Mergus serrator

Anatidae

Mockingbird, Northern

Mimus polyglottos

Mimidae

 

Nighthawk, Common

Chordeiles minor

Caprimulgidae

Nuthatch, White-breasted

Sitta carolinensis

Sittidae

 

Parula americana

Parulidae

Oriole, Baltimore (Northern)

Icterus galbula

Icteridae

Orchard Oriole

Icterus spurius

Icteridae

Osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Accipitridae

Ovenbird

Seiurus aurocapillus

Parulidae

Owl, Barred

Strix varia

Strigidae

Owl, Great Horned                               

Bubo virginianus

Strigidae

Owl, Northern Saw-whet

Aegolius acadicus

Strigidae

Petrel, Leach’s Storm

Oceanodroma leucorhoa

Hydrobatidae

Pewee, Eastern Wood

Contopus virens

Tyrannidae

Phoebe, Eastern

Sayornis phoebe

Tyrannidae

Pintail, Northern

Anas acuta

Anatidae

Plover, Semipalmated

Charadrius semipalmatus

Charadriidae

 

Robin, American

Turdus migratorius

Turdidae

 

 

 

Sandpiper, Solitary

Tringa solitaria

Scolopacidae

Sandpiper, Spotted

Actitis macularia

Scolopacidae

Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied

Sphyrapicus varius

Picidae

Scoter, White-winged

Melanitta fusca

Anatidae

Shrike, Loggerhead

Lanius ludovicianus

Laniidae

Siskin, Pine

Carduelis pinus

Fringillidae

Sparrow, American Tree

Spizella arborea

Emberizidae

Sparrow, Chipping

Spizella passerina

Emberizidae

Sparrow, House

Passer domesticus

Passeridae

Sparrow, Lincoln’s

Melospiza lincolnii

Emberizidae

Sparrow, Savanah

Passerculus sandwichensis

Emberizidae

Sparrow, Song

Melospiza melodia

Emberizidae

Sparrow, White-throated

Zonotrichia albicollis

Emberizidae

Starling, European

Sturnus vulgaris

Sturnidae

Swallow, Bank

Riparia riparia

Hirundinidae

Swallow, Barn

Hirundo rustica

Hirundinidae

Swallow, Cliff

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Hirundinidae

Swallow, Tree

Tachycineta bicolor

Hirundinidae

Swift, Chimney

Chaetura pelagica

Apodidae

 

 

 

Tanager, Scarlet

Piranga olivacea

Thraupidae

Tern, Common

Sterna hirundo

Laridae

Thrasher, Brown

Toxostoma rufum

Mimidae

Thrush, Grey-cheeked

Catharus minimus

Turdidae

Thrush, Hermit

Catharus guttatus

Turdidae

Thrush, Wood

Hylocichla mustelina

Turdidae

Titmouse, Tufted

Baeolophus bicolor

Paridae

Towhee, Eastern

Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Emberizidae

Turkey, Wild

Meleagris gallapavo

Phasianidae

 

Veery

 

Catharus fuscescens

 

Turdidae

Vireo, Philadelphia

Vireo philadelphicus

Vireonidae

Vireo, Red-eyed

Vireo olivaceus

Vireonidae

Vireo, Solitary (Blue-headed)

Vireo solitarius

Vireonidae

Vireo, Warbling

Vireo gilvus

Vireonidae

Vireo, Yellow-throated

Vireo flavifrons

Vireonidae

 

 

 

Warbler, Bay-breasted

Dendroica castanea

Parulidae

Warbler. Blackburnian

Dendroica fusca

Parulidae

Warbler, Black-throated Blue

Dendroica caerulescens

Parulidae

Warbler, Black-throated Green

Dendroica virens

Parulidae

Warbler, Black-and-white

Mniotilta varia

Parulidae

Warbler, Chestnut-sided

Dendroica pensylvanica

Parulidae

Warbler, Magnolia

Dendroica magnolia

Parulidae

Warbler, Myrtle (Yellow-rumped)

Dendroica coronata

Parulidae

Warbler, Nashville

Vermivora ruficapilla

Parulidae

Warbler, Palm

Dendroica palmarum

Parulidae

Warbler, Northern Parula

Parula americana

Parulidae

Warbler, Prairie

Dendroica discolor

Parulidae

Warbler, Tennessee

Vermivora Peregrina

Parulidae

Warbler, Wilson’s

Wilsonia pusilla

Parulidae

Warbler, Worm-eating

Helmitheros vermivorous

Parulidae

Warbler, Yellow-throated

Dendroica dominica

Parulidae

Warbler, Yellow

Dendroica petechia

Parulidae

Waterthrush, Northern

Seiurus noveboracensis

Parulidae

Waxwing, Cedar

Bombycilla garrulus

Bombycillidae

Whip-poor-will

Caprimulgus vocifera

Caprimulgidae

Woodpecker, Black-backed

Picoides arcticus

Picidae

Woodpecker, Downy

Picoides pubescens

Picidae

Woodpecker, Hairy

Picoides villosus

Picidae

Woodpecker, Pileated

Dryocopus pileatus

Picidae

Woodpecker, Three-toed

Picoides tridactylus

Picidae

 

 

 

Yellowlegs, Greater

Tringa melanoleuca

Scolopacidae

Yellowlegs. Lesser

Tringa flavipes

Scolopacidae

 

 

 

 


 

FERNS OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

Bracken

Pteridium aquilinum

Beech Fern

Thelypteris phegopteris

Cinnamon Fern

Osmunda cinnemonea

Hay-scented Fern

Dennstaeatia punctilobula

Interrupted Fern

Osmunda claytoniana

Lady Fern

Atherium filix femina

Marsh Fern

Thelypteris palustris

New York Fern

Thelypteris noveboracensis

Royal Fern

Osmunda regalis

Sensitive Fern

Onoclea sensibilis

 

 

 

FERN ALLIES

 

Running Pine (Christmas Green)

Lycopodium complanatum

Staghorn Clubmoss (Wolf’s Claw)

Lycopodium clavatum

Wood Horsetail

Equisetum sylvaticum

 

 

 

 

FUNGI OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

Artist’s Fungi

Ganoderma applanatum

Black Morel

Morchella conica

Calocera viscosa  (Yellow Fingers)

 

Clavavia flava

 

Ganoderma lucidum

 

Giant False Morel

Gyromitra gigas

Narrowheaded Morel

Morchella augusticeps

Taphrina alni-incanae

 


 

GRASSES, RUSHES, AND SEDGES OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

Burreed

Sparganium americanum

Bluejoint Grass, Canadian

Carex bullata

Carex comosa

 

Carex gynandra

 

Carex interior

 

Carex intumescens  (Inflated Sedge)

 

Carex lurida

 

Carex vesicaria

 

Crabgrass

Digitaria sanguinalis

Fescue, Hair

Destuca capillata Lam.

Fescue,Meadow

Festuca elatior

Fescue, Red

Festuca rubra L.

Giant Sedge

Carex

Grove Meadowgrass

Poa alsodes  Gray.

Horsetail

Eddquisetum arvense

Manna Grass

Glyceria striata

Orchard Grass

Dactrylis glomerata

Rattlesnake Grass

 

Ryegrass, Perennial

Lolium perenne  L.

Slender Oatgrass

Danthonia compressa

Soft Rush

Juncus effuses

Spiked Rush

 

Sweet Vernalgrass

Anthoxanthum odoratum  L.

Three-spiked Sedge

Carex trisperma

Timothy Grass

Dactylis glomerata

Woolgrass

Scirpus cyperinus

 

 

 

MOSSES AND LICHENS OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

British Soldiers

Cladonia cristatella

Haircap Moss

Polytrichum juniperinum

Map Lichen

Phizocarpon geographicum

Pixie Cup

Cladonia pyxidatu

Princess Pine (Groundpine, Club Moss)

Lycopodium obscurum

Reindeer Lichen

Cladonia rangifera

Spagnum Moss

 

Staghorn Clubmoss (ally)

Lycopodium clavatum

 

Other types, nonspecific:                Dicranum

                                                            Hypnomen

                                                            Mnium

                                                            Thuidium


 

SHRUBS OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

Azalea, Pink

Rhododendron nudiforum

Heath

Bayberry, Northern

Myrica pensylvanica

Wax myrtle

Blackberry, Common

Rubus allegheniensis

Rose

Buttonbush

Cephalanthus occidentalis

Madder

Blueberry, Highbush

Vaccinium corymbosum

Heath

Blueberry, Lowbush

Vaccinium angustifolium

Heath

Devil’s Walking Stick (Hercules Club)

Aralia spinosa

Gensing

Dogwood, Silky

Cornus amomum

Dogwood

Honeysuckle, Northern Bush

Diervilla lonicera

Honeysuckle

Huckleberry, Black

Gaylussacia baccata

Heath

Leatherleaf

Chamaedaphne calyculata

Heath

Mountain Holly

Nemopanthus mucronata

Holly

Pepperbush, Sweet

Clethra alnifolia

White alder

Raspberry

Rubus idaeus

Rose

Sumac, Staghorn

Rhus hirta

Sumac

Sweet Gale

Myrica gale

Wax myrtle

Virburnum, Maple-leaf

Viburnum acerifolium

Honeysuckle

Willow, Bebb

Salix bebbiana

Willow

Willow, Pussy

Salix discolor

Willow

Winterberry (Black Alder)

Ilex verticillata

Holly

Witch Hazel

Hamamelis virginiana

Witch hazel

 

 

TREES OF FRYE ISLAND

 

2004

 

Ash, White

Fraxinus Americana

Olive

Aspen, Largetooth

Populus grandidentata

Willow

Aspen, Quaking

Populus tremuloides

Willow

Balsam Fir

Abies balsamea

Pine

Beech, American

Fagus grandifolia

Beech

Birch, Gray

Betula populifolia

Birch

Birch, Paper

Betula papyrifera

Birch

Birch, Sweet (or Black)

Betula lenta

Birch

Birch, Yellow

Betula alleghaniensis

Birch

Elder, American (Elderberry)

Sambucus Canadensis

Honeysuckle

Hemlock, Eastern

Tsuga Canadensis

Pine

Hophornbeam (Ironwood)

Ostrya virginiana

Birch

Maple, Red

Acer rubrum

Maple

Maple, Striped

Pensylvanicum

Maple

Maple, Sugar

Acer saccharum

Maple

Oak, Northern Red

Quercus rubra

Beech

Pine, Eastern White

Pinus strobes

Pine

Pine, Pitch

Pinus rigida

Pine

Pine, Red

Pinus resinosa

Pine

Spruce, White

Picea glauca

Pine

Tupelo, Black (Black Gum)

Nyssa sylvatica

Gum

Willow, Bebb

Salix bebbiana

Willow

Willow, Black

Salix nigra

Willow


 

WILDFLOWERS OF FRYE ISLAND

Identified as of 2004

 

Name

Scientific name

Family

 

 

 

Agrimony

Agrimonia gryposepala

Rose

Arrowhead (Duck potato)

Sagittaria latifolia

Water plantain

Aster, New England

Aster novae-angliae

Aster

Aster, New York

Aster novae-belgii

Aster

Aster, Sharp-leaved (Whorled)

Aster acuminatus

Aster

 

 

 

Beechdrops

Epifagus virginianus

Broomrape

Bindweed, Hedge

Convolvulus sepium

Morning Glor

Blackeyed Susan

Rudbeckia serotina

Composite

Bladderwort, Common

Utricularia vulgaris

Bladderwort

Bladderwort, Radiating

Utricularia radiate

Bladderwort

Bladderwort, Swollen

Utricularia inflate

Bladderwort

Bluets

Houstonia caerulea

Madder

Blue eyed Grass

Sisyrinchium montanum

Iris

Blue Flag

Iris versicolor

Iris

Blue Toadflax

Linaria Canadensis

Figwort Boneset

 

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Composite

Bugelweed, Northern

Lycopus uniflorus

Mint

Bunchberry

Cornus Canadensis

Dogwood

Butter and Eggs

Linaria vulgaris

Figwort

Buttercup, Common

Ranunculus acris

Buttercup

 

 

 

Campion, White

Lychnis alba

Pinks

Canada Mayflower

Maianthemum canadense

Lily

Cattail, Common

Typha latifolia

Cattail

Cinquefoil, Roughfruited

Potentilla recta

Rose

Clover, Hop

Trifolium agrarium

Pea

Clover, Rabbit Foot

Trifolium arvense

Pea

Clover, Red

Trifolium pretense

Pea

Clover,White

Trifolium repens

Pea

Cowwheat

Mylampyrum lineare

Figwort

Cyprus Spurge

Euphorbia cyparissias

Spurge

 

 

 

Dandelion, Common

Taraxacum officinale

Aster/Compos

Day Lily

Hemerocallis fulva

Lily

Dogbane, Spreading

Apocynum cannabinum

Dogbane

 

 

 

Evening Primrose

Oenothera biennis

Evening Primr

 

 

 

Feverfew

Chrysanthemum parthenium

Composite

Fleabane, Common

Erigeron philadelphicus

Aster/Compos

Forget-me-not, True

Myosotis scorpioides

Borage

 

 

 

Giant Sunflower

Helianthus giganteus

Composite

Goldenrod, Canadian

Solidago Canadensis

Solidago

Goldenrod, Grassleafed

Euthamia tenuifolia

Solidago

Goldenrod, Gray

Solidago nemoralis

Solidago

Goldthread

Coptis groenlandica

Buttercup

Grape, Fox

Vitas labrusca

Grape

Green Wood Orchid

Plantanthora orchis

Orchid

 

 

 

Harebell (Bluebell)

Campanula rotundifolia

Bellflower

Hawkweed, Field

Heiracium caespitosum

Aster/Compos

Hawkweed,Orange

Heiracium aurantiacum

Aster/Compos

Hedge-hyssop, Golden (Pert)

Gratiola aurea

Figwort

Henbit

Lamium amplexicaule

Mint

Hog Peanut

Amphicarpa bracteata

Pea

Horehound

Marrubium vulgare

Mint

 

 

 

Indian Cucumber Root

Medeola virginiana

Lily

Indian Pipe

Monotropa uniflora

Pyrola

Indian Tobacco

Lobelia inflate

Bellflower

 

 

 

Jack-in-the-pulpit (Indian Turnip)

Arisaema atrorubens

Arum

 

 

 

Lady’s Slipper, Pink

Cypripedium acaule

Orchis

Lady’s Thumb

Polygonum persicaria

Buckwheat

Lance-leaved Violet

Viola lanceolata

Violet

Lily-of-the-valley

Maianthemum canadense

Lily

Loosestrife,Yellow

Lysimachia terrestris

Loosestrife Loosestrife,Whorled

Lysimachia quadrifolia

Loosestrife

 

 

 

 

Meadow Sweet

Spiraea latafolia

Rose

Milkweed, Common

Asclepias syriaca

Milkweed Mullein, Common

Verbascum thapsus

Figwort

 

 

 

 

Nettle, Purple Dead

Lamium purpureum

Mint

 

 

 

Orchid, Ragged Fringed

Habenaria lacera

Orchis

Oxeye Daisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Composite

 

 

 

Partridge Berry

Mitchella repens

Madder

Pearly Everlasting

Anaphalis margaritacea

Composite

Pinesap

Monotropa hypopithys

Pyrola

Pineweed (Orange Grass)

Hypericum gentianoides

St. Johnswort

Pink, Maiden

Dianthus deltoids

Pinks

Pipewort

Eriocaulon sepangulare

Pipewort

Plantain, Common

Plantago major

Plantain

Poison Ivy

Rhus radicans

Sumac

 

 

 

Quickweed

Galinsoga ciliate

Composite

Queen Anne’s Lace (Wild Carrot)

Daucus carota

Parsley

 

 

 

Rattlesnake Root (white lettuce)

Prenanthes alba

Composite

Ribbonleaf pondweed

 

 

Rugosa Rose

Rosa rugosa

Rose

 

 

 

St. Johnswort, Common

Hypericum perforatum

St. Johnswort

St. Johnswort, Marsh Pink

Hypericum virginicum

St. Johnswort

Sarsaparilla, Wild

Aralia nudicaulis

Gensing

Seedbox

Ludwigia alternifolia

Evening Primr

Silverrod

Solidago bicolor

Solidago

Small-flowered Gerardia

Gerardia paupercula

Figwort

Snailseed Pond Weed

Potemogeton bicupulatus

 

Snowberry, Creeping

Gaultheria hispidula

Heath

Solomon’s Seal, False

Smilacina racemosa

Lily

Solomon’s Seal, Star-flowered

Smilacina stellata

Lily

Solomon’s S., Three-leaved False

Smilacina trifolia

Lily

Solomon’s Seal, Smooth

Polygonatum biflorum

Lily

Speedwell, Common

Veronica officinalis

Figwort

Stitchwort, Lesser

Stelleria graminea

Pinks

Starflower

Trientalis borealis

Primrose

Steeple Bush (Swamp Candles)

Spiraea tomentosa

Rose

Strawberry, Common Wild

Fragaria virginiana

Rose

Sundrops

Oenothera fruticosa

Evening Primr

 

 

 

Toadflax, Bastard (Star)

Comandra umbellata

Sandlewood

Touch-me-not, Spotted

Impatiens capensis

Touch-me-not

Trailing Arbutus

Epigaea repens

Heath

 

 

 

Vetch, Cow (Purple Vetch)

Vicia cracca

Pea

Vetch, Crown

Coronilla varia

Pea

Virginia Creeper (Woodbine)

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Grape

 

 

 

Willow Herbs

Epilobium

Evening Primr

Wintergreen (Checkerberry)

Gaultheria procumbens

Heath

Wood Sorrel, Yellow

Oxalis stricta

Wood sorrel

 

 

 

Yarrow (Milfoil)

Achillea millefolium

Aster/Compos